ENGLISH FOR STUDENT OF PSYCHOLOGY 13

 

LONELINESS

Before reading the passage, answer these questions.

 .  Do you ever feel lonely?

 .  Why do we we fell lonely?

 . What is your feeling when you’re lonely?

Although many people value relationship above all else, satisfying ties are hard to achiece and loneliness is a common dilemma for both children and adults (Rubbin,1982). The experience of loneliness, althought conceptualized in carious ways, has two defineng features. First, it is unpleasant. Second, the lonely person perceives deficiencies in social in relationship (de Jong – Giervield & Raadsschelders in 1982; D Russell,1984). One may be cut off from social ties without feeling lonely. Loneliness can occur in these overlapping situations (Peplau & Pearlman, 1982) Changes in social relations. Close relationship often end as one partner moves away psychologically or physically or dies. The equality of relationships sometimes deteriorates with time.

       1 . Changes in social needs. Which very throughout the live span, people experience loneliness. Adolescents, for example, often long for intimacy before they find a companion ( Brennan, 1982). After devotion to work during early adulthood, many middle-aged adults turn again to social ties for live satisfaction and fine their lives empty. 

      2. Personal qualities. Lonely individuals appear more negative, rejecting, self-absorbed, self-critical, and less responsive than others (Brenna,1982;Jones,1982,Stokes,1985). Even if involved with a number of people negativity may incline the lonely to dwell in the deficiencies also show up in the psychology laboratory, where lonely people find it hard to think of ways to solve problems with others. (for example : You just moved into a new neighborhood. How would you go about finding some friends?). Limited socials skills reduce opportunuties for relationship building and keep people from taking advantage of opportunities that arise.

     3. Cultural influence. Cultural emphases on competition and independence can interfere with interpersonal needs.

    4. Situational influence. When the poeple live on work in isolation, loneliness is more troublesome. Life changes such as becoming housebond, losing transportation, moving or traveling may cut some individuals off from others. In one study, three out of every four college students living away from their families admitted experiencing loneliness during their first term ( Cutrona, 1982 )

Glossary

       · Features : ciri-ciri

       · Deficiencies : Kekurangan

       · Deteriorates : memburuk

       · Keep pace with : menyetarakan dengan

       · Devotion : Kesetian

       · Self-absorbed : Asyik dengan diri sendiri

       · Incline : mencondongkan

       · Interfere with : Mencampuri/mengganggu

       ·Housebond : terkurung dirumah, tidak bisa kemana-mana dikarenakan sakit.

Exercise 1

Answer these question below

        1. What loneliness?  

        2. Why does loneliness happen to both childrend and adults?

        3. What is effect of loneliness?

        4. When does loneliness happen?

        5 . In what situation does loneliness ussualy occur to children?

        6. If you move to a new environmenr, sometimes you feel lonely. In which point (number) do you find?

        7. Give the example(S) that lonelines appears more negatively

         8. What is the relationship between cultural influence and loneliness?

ENGLISH FOR STUDENT OF PSYCHOLOGY 12

7-1 NOUN CLAUSES : INTRODUCTION

A noun is used or an object.  A noun clause is used as a subject or an object. In other words, a noun clause is used in the same ways as a noun.

(a) His story was interesting.(b) What he said was interesting.	In (a): story is a noun. It is used as the subject of the sentence.  In (b): what he said is a noun clause. It is used as the subject of the sentence. The noun clause has its own subject (he) and verb (said).
(c) I heard his story.(d) I heard what he said	In (c): story is a noun. It is used as the object of the heard. In (d): what he said is a noun clause. It is used as the object of the verb heard.

WORDS USED TO INTRODUCE NOUN CLAUSES(1)question words :* (2) whether (3) that   When who if   Where whom   Why what   How which   whose

7-2 NOUN CLAUSES, WHICH BEGIN WHIT QUESTION WORD

QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE  Where does she life? (a) I don’t know where she lives.   What did he say? (b) I couldn’t hear what he said   When do they arrive? (c) Do you know when they arrive?	In (a): where she lives is the object of the verb know. Do not use question word order in a noun clause. In a noun clause, the subject precedes the verb.    Notice:does, did, and do are used in questionsbut not in noun clause.
S V S V Who lives there? (d) I don’t know who lives there.   What happened? (e) Please tell me what happened.   Who is at the door? (f) I wonder who is at the door.	In (d): The word order is the same in both the question and the noun clause because who is the subject in both.
V S S V  Who is she (g) I don’t know who she is?   Who are those men? (h) I don’t know who those men are.   Whose house is that? (i) I wonder whose house that is.	In (g): she is the subject of the question, so it is placed in front of the verb be in the noun clause..*
What did she say? (j) What he said surprised me.  What should they do? (k) What they should do is obvious.	In (j) : what he said is the subject of the sentence.  Notice in (k) :A noun clause subject tales om somgi;ar verb (e, g, is).

ENGLISH FOR STUDENT OF PSYCHOLOGY 7

 

THE FAMILY AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

The family that Vicky and Jason grow up in is probably the largest single influence on their development. Were their births planned and welcomed? How old were their parents? How well do the personalities of parents and child mesh? Are the parents healty? Are they whealthy or poor? How many people live at home? Influence travels in the other direction too. Children also effect their parents in untold ways,transforming parents dayto-day moods, priorities and plans for the future-even a marriage it self.

Family life for both Vicky and Jasonis quite different from what it would have been a century ago, and familylife is likely to change even more in the future. A child growing up today is likely to have only one sibling, a mother who works outside the home, and a father who is more involved in his children’s lives than his own father was; and to receive a considerable amount ofdaily care from non relatives, first in a caregiver’s home or day care center and than at a preschool. Today’s children have a 40 percent chance of spending part of their childhood with only one parent’s probably the mother and probably because of divorce.

These changes have revolutionized the study of socialization how children learn the behaviors their culture considers appropriate. In the past, most researches focused on mothers and their children, but now researches are studying bounds between children and their fathers, their brothers and sisters, their grandparents, and other caregivers.

Another fascinating trend in research is the focus on the entire famlily. How does Erlen and Charles,s marital realitionshipaffect the relationshipthat each spouse has with Vicky? Do Julia and Jess differently with Jason when either one is alone with him yielded provocative findings. For example, when both parents are parents and talking to each other, they pay less attention to their child. In some families, the spouses closeness to each other may detract their abilityto be close to their children; in other the parenting experience strengthens the marriage tie. By looking at the family as a unit, we get a fuller picture of the web of relationships among family members.

Glossary

 

Mesh : menghubungkan

Moods : suasana hati

Personalities : kepribadian

Considerable : banyak/ besar

Sibling : saudara

NonRelative : tidak ada hubungan kekerabatan

Caragiver : pengasuh anak

Preschool : masa sebelum sekolah

Childhood : masa nak- anak

Divorce : percaraian, bercerai

Attention : perhatian

Spouse : suami / istri

Detract : mengurangi

Socialization : permasyarakatan

Behaviour : Tingkah laku

Tie : Mengikat, ikatan

Exercise 1

Answer the following question

1. Is their any relationship between the family and personality development?

2. What factors influence their children development?

3. What are the roles of parents for their children?

4. What are the different between the ancient and the recent family life?

5. Why can the spouses closeness lessen their ability to be close to their children?

Exercise 2

Thing about how you could support the following statment. Tell several psibilities. Some example have been given for the first one.

1. My father is my mentor.

Examples of how he guide me.

- He taught me how to resolve problems with friends for example

- …………

- I worked for him during vacation and learned

2. My mother is my best friend

3. My grandmother / grandfather has been like a mother/ father to me.

Exercise 3

Fill the blank by using the words given

Chilhood, behavior, divorce, caregiver, personality, sibling, attention, spouse, preschool

1. Tata’s family say that she is an idealist. She must be able to get what she wants. It seems that she has a strong………

2. Tom falls in love with Alice. Tom’s parents are going to propose her but when they know Alice’s “parent” they abrogate their plan because Tom and Alice ae one …….. Tom and Alice were seperated when the ywere still a baby.

3. Jenny’s father is an engineer and Jenny’s mother is a career women. Thay are very busy, so they are not able to take care their only child. They should send her in ……… when they work.

4. ………. is very important for the children before they come to kindergarten. It can train the children’s imagination develop well.

5. Robin and Handrick’s parents are very rich.whatever they want their parents always give them. When they are child they had so many toys. Really they had a happy ……..

6. Mrs. Tuti hardly can show her sadness after her ……….. with her loved husband.

7. To be a good teacher, he must know how to secure the …….. of his pupils.

8. Mr. Johan has married amny for 25 years. People think that they are a very suitable ……

9. I feel that he always avoid me. I don’t know why, but i am sure that his ……… toward me shows that he doesn’t like me.

ENGLISH FOR STUDENT OF PSYCHOLOGY 6

 

CONVERSATION IN GROUP

DISCUSS ONE OF THE NUMBERS!

1. Tell abot your self or somebody or some person you know well. Describe both appearance and personality.

2. Tell your unforgattabke experience

3. Discuss about “insane peole”

4. Tell about yourself or somebody or wome person you know well. Describe both appearance and personality.

5. Tell your group members whether you ever get it, what you always do and how you always try to cure it. If you don’t : please, inform your group members the best way to avoid depression.

6. One of you pretends to be a psychiatrist and the other one is someone who wants to commit suicide. Then make a dialogue.

7. Tell your group members about someone you proud of.

8. Tell your group members about your own comment on “LOVE”

9. Act out conversation in a psychologist’s room in which he and his client discuss how the client solves his psychological maltreatment.

10. Choose a situation in your own life where you enough knowledge ti give some advice ( for example, you may be able to give a good advice on how to face life).

ADVICE COLUMN

IN GROUP, ACT AS IF TEAM OF PSYCHOLOGIST. ONE OF THE MEMBERS ACTS AS IF THE CLIENT, FOR ONE OF THE CLASS!

1. I am twenty and engaged. I love my fiance very much. The problem is his father.

He is only fourty, his wife is dead. He says he is in love with me and that he will kill him self unless i marry him. The sittuation is impossible. How can i marry my fiance’s father?

Unfortunately, i think i am in love with him as much as with his son. I want to tell my fiance all about this, but if i do, he will be hurt and angry. Whatever i do, it seems i’ll hurt either him or his father. What would you do if you were me?

2. I love my boyfriend, but there is a problem. He seems to love his mother more than me.

Whenever we go out, he takes her along, whenever we go, she goes too. Whenever we do, she does as well. I wouldn’t put up with this for a moment if i didn’t love him so much. We’re going to married soon. I’m afraid that when we do, his mother will come to live with us. What can i do?

3. Tell seceral things you wouls say in each of the followings situations. Use the evpressions “if were you” to give advice

SITUATION A

A friends of yours os planning to drive home from a party and asks you to come a long. You know that he has already had several drinks and is about to have another.

SITUATION B

Another friends tells you that he is going to buy a used car from a car dealer who advertises on television. You know that ads are lies because last year you bought a car from the same dealer.

SITUATION C

another one of your friends, who has always been a very serious student, announces that he is going to quit school.

4. Give a short talk about the birthday celebration you would have if you had the time and money to celebrate your next birthday in whatever way you wanted. Where would celebrate?

How many friends would you invite? What kind of food and drink would you serve? What kind of entertainment would you have? What gift would you like to recieve? Since the party is imaginary, there are no restriction. You could, for example, hire a private plane and bring friends from all over the world.

ENGLISH FOR STUDENT OF PSYCHOLOGY 5

 

Childhood
depression

“nobody likes me” is a common
complaint in middle childhood, when children tend to be popularrity conscious.
But when these words were addressed to a school principal by an 8-year old boy
in florida whose classmate had accused him of stealing from the teacher’s purse,
it was a danger signal. The boy vowed that he would never return to school and
he never did. Two days later, he hanged 
him self by a belt from the top rail of his bunk bed.

Fortunetly, depressed children
rarely go to such lengths, though suicide among young people is in the increase.
How can we tell the difference between a harmless period of the “blues” (which
we all experience at times) and a major affective disorder that is, a disorder
of mood? The basic symptoms of an affective disorder are similar from childhood,
by some features are age spesific 9dsm III-r, 1987).

Friendleness is only one sign of
childhood depresion. This disorder is also characterized by inability to have
fun or to concentrate, and by and absence of normal emotional reactions.
Depressed children are frequently tired, extremely active, or inactive. They
walk very little, cry a great deal, have a trouble concentrating, sleep to much
or too late, lose their appetite, start doing poorly in school, look unhappy,
complain of physical ailment, feel over whelmingly guilt, suffer severe
separation anxiety (which may take the form of the school phobia), or think
often about death or suicide. Any  four
or five of these symptoms may support a diagnosis of depression, esspecially
when they represenr a marked change from the child’s usual pattern. Parents do
not always recognize “minor” problems like sleep disturbance, loss of apperite,
and irriability as signs of depressions, but children themselves are often able
to describe how they feel.

No one is sure of the exact cause
of depression in children or adults. There us some evidence for biochemical
predispotion, which may br triggered by specific experience. Depression school
age-children are children likely to lacj social and acadmy competence, but it is
not clear weather incompetence cause depression or vice versa. The parents or
depressed children are more likelu to be depressed themselves, suggesting a
possible genetic factor, a reflection aof general stress in all families, or the
result of poor parenting practice by disturbed parents.

GLOSSARY

Complaint                           : keluhan

Address                                : menunjukan

Accuse                                  : menuduh

Stealing                                 : mencuri

Vow                                       : berjanji

Features                              : ciri-ciri

Suicide                                  : bunuh diri

Appetite                              : nafsu makan

Ailments                              : penyakit

Trigger                                  : menyebabkan

Vice versa                           : sebaiknya

Predisposition                   : kecendrungan

 

Excercise 1

1.       What happens
when 5 years old children say “nobody like me”?

2.       What happens
when 10 years old children say “nobody like me”?

3.       Waht will the
children do when they get depression?

4.       Why do the
children get depression?

5.       When the
children are accused by their friends, will they get depression?

6.       What is (are)the
symptom(s) of childhood depression?

7.       What happens to
the parents when their children get depression?

Excercise 2

Fill in the blank with the listed
appropriate words

Accuse,       address,      appetite,         purse,           vowed,         triggered,            feature,              sever

1.       I am not a
manager. I am just a staff in this office. Don’t give your complaints to move
because i cant detemine its follow-up. Please … your complaints to the
manager.

2.       I really hate
someone who … me without a real evidence. Don’t think that i am a thief if you
dont hava a proof. Don’t say that u am a coward if you don’t know much about
me.

3.       She is a careful
woman. She never puts her money in her pocket. She always put it in her …
besides, she also puts it un the bag.

4.       He has
sacrificed his life for the woman. He loves very much. But the woman,
unfortunately, runs away with the other man. He really hates that women, even
all of the women. He … never to fall in love with the women.

5.       Because of my
sadness, i don’t have … i am not interested in food in front of me, although
it is very delicious. I don’t want to eat it

 

Exercise 3

Make
sentences from the words below

 

1.      
Predisposition                                   : …

2.       Feature                                                 : …

3.       Triggered                                             : …

4.       Symptoms                                          : …

5.       Depression                                         : …

6.       Harmless                                             : …

7.       Severe                                                 : …

8.       Disturb                                                : …

9.       Complaint                                          : …

10.   Disorder                                              : …

 

LANGUAGE  WORK

Look
at the example:

 

Depressed
children rarelu go to lengths, though suicide among young people is on the
increase.

Rarely in this
sentece is called and adverb of frequency. The others are usually, always,
sometimes, never, often, seldom, occasionally, frequently, almost.

 

Exercise 4

Put the
adverb of frequency correctly into these sentences

 

1.       He smokes a
cigarette after every meal (usually)

2.       Do they write to
you? (ever)

3.       You can tell if
a dog is dreaming by watching its legs (sometimes)

4.       I pass the post
office in may way back (usually)

5.       The roof leaks
when it rains ( occasionally)

6.       This type of
plants grows tall (never)

7.       It rains in this
part of the world (hardly never)

8.       Do you answer
back life this? (often)

9.       We correspond
through the post (frequently)

10.   They invite us over
a cup of tea (generally)

11.   She is very busy at
this time of the day (usually)

12.   Had the lesson
started when you arrived? (already)

13.   We have finished our
syllabus for a year (nearly)

14.   Your friend needs
your help (always)

15.   We are lazy to cook,
so we eat out (sometimes)

16.   I tripped over the
dog in the dark (almost)

 

Exercise 5

Substitute a
word like always for the multi – word adverbial of frequency.

Example :
Mary drinks milk all of the time

            
MARY ALWAYS DRINKS MILK.

1.     John drinks coffe
some of the time

2.     He almost never
drinks tea

3.     Mr. Allen drinks
coffee much of the time

4.     Mrs. Allen almost
never drinks coffee

5.     She drinks coffee
most of the times

6.     Mr.  And Mrs. Clinton eat in restaurant some of
the time

7.     Chessie almost
never eats in restaurant

8.     Phillip eats in
bamboo restaurant all of the time

9.     She eats at home
most of the time

10. Mr. And Mrs. Tanty
eats in a restaurant much of the times

ENGLISH FOR STUDENT OF PSYCHOLOGY 3

THE PROGRESSIVE TENSES

 

 

From: Be + ing (present participle)Meaning:The progressive tenses give the idea that an action is in progress during a particular time. The tenses say that am action begin before, is in progress during, and continues after another time or action.

 

 

PRESENTPROGRESSIVE	(a)He is sleeping right now.	He went to sleep at 10:00 to night. It is now 11:00 and he is still sleep. His sleep began in the past, is in progress at the present time, and probably will continue.
PAST PROGRESSIVE	(b) He was sleeping when I arrived	He went to sleep at 10:00 last night. I arrived at 11:00 He was still a sleep. His sleep began before and was in progress at a particular time in the past. It probably continued.
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE	(c) He will be sleeping when we arrived.	He will go to sleep at 10:00 tomorrow to night. We will arrive at 11:00. The action of sleeping will begin before we arrive at it well be in progress at a particular time in the future. Probably his sleep will continue.

 

3.THE PERFECT TENSES

From: have + past participleMeaning:The perfect tenses all give the idea that one thing happens before another time or event.

PRESSENT PERFECT	(a) I have already eaten	I finished eating sometime before now. The exact tome is not important.
PAST PERFECT	(b) I had already eaten when they arrived	First i finished eating. Later they arrive. My eating will be completely fifinished before another time in the past.
FUTURE PERFECT	(c) I will already have eaten when they arrive.	First I will finish eating. Later they will arrive. My eating will be completely finished before another time in the future.

1-4 THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES

From:have + been + – ing (present participle)Meaning : The perfect progressive tenses give the idea that one event is in progress immediately before, up to until another time or event. The tenses are used to express the duranon of the first event.

PRESSENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE	(a) I have been studying for two fours.	Event in progress studying When?Before now, up to now. How long? For two hours.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE	(b) I had been studying for two hours before my friend came.	Event in progress studying. When? Before another event in the past. How long? For two hours.
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE	(c) I will have been studying for two hours by the time you arrive.	Event in progress studying. When? Before another event in the future. How long? For two hours.

1-14 USING EXPRESSIONS OF PLACE WITH PROGRESSIVE TENSES

(A) Kay is studying in her room.(B) Kay is in room studying. (C) Jack was in bed reading a book when I came.

An expression of place cn sometimes come between the auxiliary be and the- ing verb in a progressive tense ,as in (b) and (c)

ENGLISH FOR STUDENT OF PSYCHOLOGY 2

 

UNIT 2

SIGMUND FREUD (1856 – 1939)

 

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian doctor who explored the work of human mind. He developed psychoanalysis, which is both a way treating neurosis, or mental disturbances, and a theory of how the mind works.

Freud was born in Moravia, now part of Czechoslovakia. When he was four, his family moved to Vienna, Austria. Freud entered the University of Vienna when he was 17. One day, he attended a lecture on nature. He was so fascinated that he made up his mind to become a doctor.

Freud became interested in disease of mind. In 1885, he won a fellowship to study in Paris under the guidance of a doctor, Jean Martin Chariot, who was famous for his work on this kind of disease. The next year, Freud returned to Vienna, married and began to treat disease of mind.

Freud had great insight into the human mind. He thought that every person is born with a certain needs, he said, are unconscious – people are not aware of thinking about such needs. Freud named the part of mind controlling these instinctive unconscious needs the id, and he said that person’s id operates to give pleasure.

Freud also said that, as we grow up from infancy, we acquire an ego, a collection of memories and thoughts that help us deal with the world around us. We continue to grow and from the teaching of our family and society, we develop a superego – a conscience. Our superego and id often push in apposite ways. Our ego usually reduces this conflict by helping us to get pleasure without “hurting” our conscience.

But if a person unconscious thoughts and needs are very strong, they may cause unusual behavior, or neurosis. Freud’s treatment for neurosis is psychoanalysis (examination of the mind), a method for uncovering these unconscious thoughts and understanding how they cause problems, Freud thoughts that even dreams that seem to make no sense are a very important clue to understanding the mind.

 

 

 

Glossary

Explore :menyelidiki

Neurosis :gangguan mental

Disturbances :gangguan

Fascinated :tertarik, terpesona

Disease :penyakit

Fellowship :beasiswa

Insight :perhatian, wawasan

Unconscious :tidak sadar

Id :keinginana, nafsu

Ego :tindakan untuk mendapatkan keinginan

Superego :norma (yang mengontrol tindakan / ego)

Pleasure :kesenangan

Infancy :masa kecil

Acquire :mendapatkan

Uncovering :menemukan

 

Exercise 1

Answer these following questions based on the above text

1. When was Sigmund Freud born?

2. How old did he die?

3. What was he concerned with?

4. When did he join university? What major did he study?

5. Why did he want to be a doctor?

6. Who is Jean Martin Chariot?

7. According to Freud, food and drink are unconscious needs. Why did he say so?

8. These needs, he said, are unconscious – people are no aware of thinking about such needs. What does “dash” ( - ) mean?

9. Mention the example of conscious needs and don’t forget to explain each.

10. What do id, ego, and superego mean? Explain by giving examples of each?

 

Conscious, make his mind up, fellowship, fascinate, and aquire, disturbance, dealing, and ego.

1. He is always confused to choose which girl he should marry. His friends tells him to … which girl he tends to marry quickly.

2. He is smart students but poor. He wants to enter the University without paying anything. His uncle, then, asks him to join a … program.

3. My child is always interested in toys – cars and always asks me to buy them. One day we went shopping in delta plaza. Suddenly he stopped in front of a car shop and pointed to the big car. As a matter of fact, he was … by the car, which was like his toy-car. And do you know what happened? He asks me to buy that car!

4. He was unconscious for days, but now he is fully … again.

5. Some students say that they study hard because they want to get reward from their parents. Some want to obtain good marks and some other want to … knowledge only.

6. … some problem we have to discuss. Would you please attend the meeting scheduled on Saturday night, 17 August 1995 at my house? Because it is urgent, no excuse for you not to come to the meeting. Thanks a lot.

 

LANGUAGE WORK

A sentence is a group of words that can be used to communicate ideas in writing and in speech. It must contain at least, a subject and a predicate (verb), look at these examples:

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian doctor

S V O

He developed psychoanalysis

S V O

 

Remember:

Subject is the word (words) that names a person, a thing, or a plane that a sentence is about. It is usually a noun or pronoun.

Predicate / verb is a statement about a subject. It expresses an action.

 

ENGLISH FOR STUDENT OF PSYCHOLOGY

UNIT 1

PSYCHOLOGY AT A GLANCE

 

Psychology studies the activities of individual. The science of human behaviors is actually a group of sciences. On one side we find psychology investigating the organs and cells that do the work of the organism and the other side we see the social sciences studying nations and groups of mankind. There is room for a middle science that shall focus its attention on the individual. That middle science is psychology. Psychology studies the individual’s activities through out his span of life, from the beginning before birth, up through the end of life. During this life history, the man remains the same individual, although his behavior shows continuity along with many changes.

Psychology compares children and adults, the normal and the abnormal, and the human and the animal. It is interested in the differences between one individual and another, and still more interested, if possible, in the general laws of activity including event of very different individual-laws, for example, of growth, learning, thinking and emotion. Psychology can be defined as the science of the individual’s activities.

The word “activity” is used here in a broad sense. It includes not only motor activities like walking and speaking but also cognitive (knowledge-getting) activities like seeing, hearing, remembering, thinking, and other emotional activities like laughing and crying, or feeling happy or sad. These last may seem passive, because they are activities, for they depend on the life of the organism. Any manifestation of life can be called an activity. No matter how passive an individual may seem to himself in watching a game or listening to music, he is carrying on an activity. The only way to be completely inactive is to be dead.

Glossary

Behavior :tingkah laku

Attention :perhatian

Mankind rang

Remains :tetap

Defined :diartikan, didefinisikan

Manifestation :perwujudan

Exercise 1

Answer these following questions

1. What is psychology?

2. Name some individual activities!

3. Give example(s) of motor, cognitive, and emotional activities!

4. Is listening to music, a kind activity? Why? Why not?

5. What is meant by: the science of human behavior is actually a group of sciences?

6. When do we call an individual completely inactive?

7. The word “activity” is used in a very broad sense. What does it mean?

8. What kind of activity is happening when you write a letter to your girl or boy friend?

9. Why do we study human behavior?

10. What cause the differences between individuals?

 

LANGUAGE WORK

A sentence is a group of words constructed orderly. It needs certain rules how to put the words into sentence. First of all, we have to analyze the parts of speech that is a classification of the word. Traditionally, a word in English is devided into four parts of speech, namely, noun, adjective, verb, and adverb. Look at these examples.

1. Psychology compares children and adults.

Psychology: noun

Compares: verb

Children: noun

Adult: noun

2. The word “activity” is used here in a very broad sense.

Word: noun here: adverb

Activity: noun very: adverb

Is: verb broad: adjective

Used: verb sense: noun

 

 

Behavior, attention, childhood, adolescence, maturity, motor activity, cognitive activity, emotional activity, investigates

1. He loves his mother very much. When his mother was sick, he showed his …

2. When he was a child, he never played toys. He really had an unhappy …

3. Their … towards me shows that they do not like me. It can be proved from how they look at me. When we meet, they always look away from me.

4. When a boy or a girl gets biological changes and psychological changes (puberty), he or she enters in the … era.

5. When a baby learns how to walk and how to talk, he develops his …

6. It is common for a mother to make her baby smile by doing funny thing. Often, she does not get smiling and crying, even laughing is good for a baby because at such time he develops his ….

7. There was a mysterious murder. The police get difficulties to handle this case and look for the murderer. Finally they ask some detectives to … this case.

8. In Javanese culture when a baby is just delivered by a mother, the other people always try to wake the baby up by making loud noise. The baby, of course, is surprised. But it is good for him because he develops his …